Federal environmental review requirements continue to change rapidly, with significant consequences for passenger rail and transit projects. This timely session examines recent court decisions, emerging precedent applying Seven County Infrastructure Coalition v. Eagle County, and changes involving National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and National Historic Preservation Act requirements. Our noted panelists analyze the implications for project delivery, permitting risk, compliance obligations, expanded categorical exclusions, and the assignment of NEPA responsibilities to states under 23 U.S.C. § 327.